Control of squealer-tip leakage flow with perforated-rib coolant injection in an axial turbine cascade

A novel perforated-rib configuration is proposed for controlling the tip leakage flow at the rotor tip of an axial turbine. Three perforated-rib layouts are considered, wherein a perforated rib is installed at (A) the Suction-Side squealer (SS-rib), (B) the Pressure-Side squealer (PS-rib), and (C) the additional squealer along the blade Camber Line (CL-rib). A numerical method is used to show how the novel rib layouts affect the aerodynamic performance of the tip leakage flow. Results show that the coolant jets issuing from the perforated-rib injection holes penetrate deeper into the tip clearance than those in the baseline squealer-tip case, and how the perforated-rib coolant injection affects the tip leakage flow depends strongly on the rib layout. The PS-rib and CL-rib layouts appear promising for controlling the tip leakage flow, playing a significant role in reducing the total pressure loss and improving the turbine blade’s isentropic efficiency. In particular, under an injection mass flow ratio of 1% and a tip clearance of 1% blade span, the PS-rib layout reduces the leakage mass flow rate by 27% and increases the isentropic efficiency by 1.25% compared with those in the baseline squealer-tip case. Meanwhile, the advantages of the PS-rib layout in tip leakage control are confirmed under small and large tip clearances.     

基于非定常喷气的压气机模型及模态控制

以定常喷气下的多维压气机系统模型为基础,考虑引入非定常喷气带来的质量和动量效应,建立了非定常喷气下的多维压气机系统模型；分析了压气机主动稳定模态控制机理,并在上述模型基础上设计了非定常喷气下的模态控制律。以某压气机为例,在失速工况下,分别进行无喷气开环性能和非定常喷气下模态控制仿真。结果表明:与定常喷气模态控制相比,采用非定常喷气进行模态控制,流量仅为定常喷气的57%~80%,即可达到相同的控制效果,可有效减少喷气控制的流量,并且前4阶模态控制可以扩展压气机稳定工作范围达2.34%；控制模态越多,扩稳范围越大。      

故障注入技术在飞行器非电系统中的应用进展

故障注入是一种基于试验的测评方法，是飞行器综合健康管理的重要组成部分，在提高飞行器的安全性方面具有重要作用。本文介绍了故障注入技术的基本原理，详细阐述了故障注入的各种实现方法在飞行器中的应用现状，重点分析了故障注入技术在飞行器结构、防热、液压、机械等非电系统应用中的关键技术以及存在的技术难点，并展望了该领域的发展。     

Adaptive feedback control of stability in an axial compressor with circumferential inlet distortion

The adaptive feedback control of stability with circumferential inlet distortion has been experimentally investigated in a low-speed, axial compressor. The flat-baffles with different span heights are used to simulate different distorted inflow cases. Compared with auto-correlation and root-mean-square analysis, cross-correlation analysis used to predict early stall warning does not depend on the distortion position. Hence, the cross-correlation coefficient was used to monitor the stable status of the compressor and provide the feedback signal in the active control strategy when suffering from different distortions. Based on the stall margin improvement of tip air injection obtained under different distorted inflow cases and the sensitivity analysis of cross-correlation coefficients to injected momentum ratios, tip air injection was adopted as the actuator for adaptive feedback control. The digital signal processing controller was designed and applied to achieve adaptive feedback control in distorted inflow conditions. The results show that the adaptive feedback control of air injection nearly achieves the same stall margin improvement as steady air injection under different distortion intensities with a reduced injection mass flow. Thus, the proposed adaptive feedback control method is ideal for the engine operation with circumferential distorted inflow, which frequently occurs in flight.     

A numerical study of segmented cooling-stream injection in supersonic film cooling

The present study proposes a segmented cooling-stream injection structure based on a certain coolant mass flow rate, and numerically investigates the effect of segmented cooling-stream injection on supersonic film cooling. The results indicate that without shock-wave impingement and with helium as the coolant, segmented cooling-stream injection can reduce the mixing between the mainstream and the cooling stream to produce better cooling performance than single injection, especially at larger coo...     

二冲程点燃式直喷煤油发动机冷起动控制策略

针对某二冲程点燃式空气辅助缸内直喷煤油发动机,设计了冷起动控制策略.利用自主研发的电控单元,在4℃环境下通过试验验证了该策略正确性,并在14℃左右环境下研究了关键参数对冷起动性能影响,结果表明:点火提前角对起动阶段后期影响较大,起动成功后点火提前角为上止点前40°时暖机效果最好.采用饱和点火能量策略,冷起动性能最好,暖机平均转速最高,转速波动最小；起动喷油脉宽修正系数大于25时有利于改善起动阶段动力性,转速增加率大,起动喷油脉宽修正系数在25至45间冷起动过程基本一致.上止点前40°~60°的喷气结束角有利于冷起动成功,适度提前喷气结束角可加快暖机过程.油气间隔直接影响油气雾化效果,6ms油气间隔冷起动性能最佳,其作用主要体现在拖动和起动阶段.      

进气角与注水规律对燃气-蒸汽弹射的影响

为了研究弯管进气角和注水规律对燃气-蒸汽弹射过程中流场和内弹道的影响,采用Mixture多相流模型，Renormalization group (RNG) k-ε湍流模型和动网格技术,建立了燃气-蒸汽弹射数值模型.通过与文献数据的对比,验证了数值方法的可靠性,分析了注水规律与弯管进气角度对燃气-蒸汽弹射过程流场和内弹道的影响.研究结果表明:当弯管进气角为60°时,燃气-蒸汽介质的能量能得到最大利用,发射筒内的温度分布较均匀；另外在同样的注水量下,缓慢注水导弹出筒时间相对较短,但波动较大；快速注水导弹运动平稳,但出筒时间较长.结果可为导弹燃气-蒸汽弹射动力系统的设计提供参考.      

基于FEM-PIM计及热效应的统计能量分析

结合有限元法（FEM）和模态坐标系下计及热效应的功率输入法（PIM），给出一种热环境下适用于复杂结构的统计能量分析方法.以各边简支的L型折板为研究对象，开展雨流载荷作用下的数值模拟验证方法的准确性.开展3种工况条件下热效应对统计能量分析参数的影响研究:①仅考虑热效应引起的材料力学性能变化;②仅考虑热应力引起的附加刚度效应;③同时考虑考虑两者影响.结果表明:温升影响材料力学性能的同时会导致耦合损耗因子减小，但对内损耗因子的影响不大；热应力引起的附加刚度效应对内损耗因子和耦合损耗因子的影响较大，两者均随温度的升高而逐渐减小；同时考虑两者影响时，热应力对统计能量分析参数的影响占主导地位，内损耗因子和耦合损耗因子均随温度的升高而逐渐减小；模态密度与温度的变化趋势基本一致.      

冷气掺混对高压涡轮气动性能影响的数值研究

采用数值方法研究了冷气掺混对高压涡轮气动性能和叶栅通道内部二次流动结构的影响，计算结果表明:冷气流量增加，冷却高压涡轮导叶和转子型面总载荷降低，导叶进、出口马赫数均减小，转子出口相对马赫数在径向0~0.55区域增大而在径向0.55~1.0区域减小.导叶进、出口气流角受冷气流量的变化影响较小.冷气流量由压气机进口流量的4.83%增加至14.49%，转子进口相对气流角在径向0.05~0.95区域增大而出口相对气流角在径向0.6~1.0区域减小，导叶绝热壁面冷却效率先升高后降低而转子绝热壁面冷却效率提高了19.33%.轮毂和机匣封严气呈束状进入转子叶栅通道且腔内封严气流动受旋转轮盘抽吸效应影响较大.      

射流装置降温性能评估及敏感性分析

为了研究射流预冷喷射装置方案的降温性能及敏感性,以涡轮基组合循环发动机(TBCC)射流预冷技术为研究对象,提出由低流阻翼型结构的喷杆和雾化喷嘴组成的射流预冷喷射装置方案。利用FLUENT软件对射流预冷喷射装置方案进行了数值模拟,获得该装置在不同喷嘴布局下的流场特性,以流场均匀性、阻塞比、压力损失、温降等性能指标评选最优方案。经过初步分析,蒸发距离、气体来流温度、液滴粒径和喷射流量会对蒸发过程产生影响,因此采用DOE结合数值模拟计算,对各影响因素对降温量和蒸发量进行敏感性评估。分析结果表明:喷射后的温降情况受射流流量、气体来流温度和蒸发距离的影响明显,分别约为65%、20.4%和1.3%;受液滴粒径的影响不明显,约为0.21%。在后期的试验过程中,应充分考虑喷射流量、气体来流温度和蒸发距离对温降的影响。